<p>Waverton school and schoolmaster&#39;s house are in the village of Waverton, Cheshire, England. The combined structure is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school and the house were built in 1877 for the 1st Duke of Westminster and designed by the Chester architect John Douglas. The schoolmaster&#39;s house is still in use as a house, while the school is now a day nursery and after school club.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>School</h3><br>
<p>This is constructed in red ashlar sandstone with a red tile roof. It is in one storey and its south front has five bays. Each of the central three bays has four-light mullioned and transomed window under a stone-coped gable with a finial. In the left bay is an arched doorway and in the right bay is a four-light mullioned window. The roof is hipped and contains three gabled ventilators. At the left end of the roof is a bellcote.</p><br>
<h3>House</h3><br>
<p>The house is connected to the school by a single-storey passage. It has two storeys; the lower storey is constructed in orange brick on a stone plinth, and the upper storey is timber-framed. The roof is in red tiles and there are two chimneys. The main (west) front of the house has three bays. The doorway is in the central bay; over this is an oriel window supported by wooden columns under a gable. To the left of the door is a five-light mullioned window. A pair of small outbuildings with hipped roofs are attached to the left side of the house. The south aspect of the house has a canted window in the lower storey under a jettied timber-framed upper storey supported on wooden brackets. The upper storey contains a four-light casement window with a date inscribed in the beam above it.</p><br>
<h2>Critique</h2><br>
<p>Douglas designed schools for other estate villages, including Aldford, Dodleston and Eccleston. Like Eccleston school, Waverton school is built in close proximity to the schoolmasters house. In each case the buildings are contrasted, the house being partly half-timbered while the school is constructed entirely in stone. Douglas biographer Edward Hubbard considers that these two schools "are outstanding among Douglas&#39; village schools".</p><br>
<p>The Daniel E. Krause Stone Barn, also known as the Chase Stone Barn, is a historic barn in the town of Chase in Oconto County, Wisconsin, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Construction details</h2><br>
<p>Like many other barns, it was built of fieldstone, but in a unique fashion: its walls are more thoroughly stonework than most stone barns, and its massive arch entrances are large enough to permit the passage of large hay wagons through both ends.</p><br>
<h2>Repair work</h2><br>
<p>Seventeen years after its erection, the barn and the rest of its farm were sold by the Krause family in 1920. It had eleven owners between Krause&#39;s retirement in 1920 and 1954. During the mid-1950s, the property was purchased by two brothers, who operated the farm into the 21st century and oversaw significant repair work in the 1990s. By this time, the barn had experienced gradual structural deterioration and experienced a 1994 tornado. Accordingly, workers carried out a strengthening and refurbishing process in 1995, which included the removal of a small amount of stonework, its replacement by concrete, and the addition of large beams to strengthen the sagging walls.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>In 2000, the Krause Barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance. In 2009, the Krause Barn was nominated to be on America&#39;s 11 Most Endangered Places 2009 list.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Seeing it as a significant local landmark, local preservationists have concentrated on ensuring the survival of the barn: the town has purchased the barn, and after raising money to continue maintenance, there are plans to convert the barn and barnyard into a park and possibly a museum. The stable area is planned to have a "rustic agriculture museum" with displays on farming techniques from circa 1900 and antique farm equipment. Other plans include a stone bridge over a creek, a stone walk path, and a historic general store.</p><br>
<p>The Hildebrand Mill on Flint Creek in Delaware County, Oklahoma was built c. 1845 and served hill people of the Old Cherokee Nation territory for more than 125 years. It is located not far from Siloam Springs, Arkansas. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The original millrace was 4 ft by 4 ft in dimension and poured onto an overshot wheel. It was expanded to a 8 ft by 8 ft flume that ran 300 ft and powered a turbine.</p><br>
<p>It served as a lumber mill and as a grist mill, and it was used during the American Civil War in support of the commissaries of both the North and the South. Hildebrand and Proctor families feuded in the area.</p><br>
<p>The current building was built in 1907. Its last operation by water power was to mill grain, up to 1935. By gas-powered motor, it was used to cut lumber up to 1967.</p><br>
<p>The Grace Cooke House, also known as the Harold St. John Residence, at 2365 Oahu Avenue in Honolulu, Hawaii, is significant both for its American Craftsman bungalow architecture and landscaping and for its most famous resident, Harold St. John, a distinguished professor of botany at the University of Hawaii. The house and lot were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, by which time St. John was living in a separate small cottage to the rear of the lot.</p><br>
<p>The craftsmanship orientation of the period can also be seen in the landscaping, in particular the integration of the bluestone steps up to the front porch, the lava rock foundation, and the natural rock outcrop on which the house sits. The spacious porch wraps around the right side of the house, balanced by a gable-roofed wing on the left. The rest of the house has a shingled hip roof. Finely crafted exposed rafters embellish both the hip and gable roofs, decorative shingle patterns adorn the exterior walls, windows, and porch columns, and a simple balustrade lines the porch.</p><br>
<p>Two sets of double doors lead from the porch into the interior, with bedrooms and bath on the left and a large open living and dining area on the right, with paneled walls and coffered ceilings. The kitchen is off the dining area to the right, and a basement originally served as a maid&#39;s quarters. The attic was partly finished and two dormers were added by St. John during the 1930s. The remainder of the house is unaltered.</p><br>
<p>The lot also has some striking mature trees in the front yard, including two Royal Poinciana (Delonix regia) beside the driveway, a West Indian mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), and a huge Sandbox tree (Hura crepitans)</p><br>
<p>Makawao Union Church is a church near Makawao on the Hawaiian island of Maui. It was founded by New England missionary Jonathan Smith Green during the Kingdom of Hawaii. The third historic structure used by the congregation was designed by noted local architect C.W. Dickey and dedicated in 1917 as the Henry Perrine Baldwin Memorial Church. In 1985, Makawao Union Church was placed on the Hawaii and National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Wood-framed church</h2><br>
<p>In 1870, Henry Perrine Baldwin his wife, Emily Alexander Baldwin, and their children joined the church. Henry served as organist for over forty years. Baldwin and his brother-in-law became wealthy co-founders of Alexander & Baldwin.</p><br>
<p>On January 5, 1878, Rev. Green died; Asenath Green would maintain the church until she died in 1894, and then daughters Mary and Laura.</p><br>
<p>His son Joseph Porter Green (1833–1886) served at the church, and was elected to the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1860.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, Baldwin offered the church a site for a new building, on the foundation of the former Paliuli Sugar Mill near what is now called Rainbow Gulch and Rainbow County Park. The mill was named for Pali uli (literally "green cliff"), the place in Hawaiian mythology roughly equivalent to the garden of Eden.</p><br>
<p>This church, a New England style white frame structure, was dedicated on March 10, 1889. The Pāia Community House, finished in hardwood on the inside, was built in 1914 adjacent to the church. The Community House, with its large auditorium and 40 ft deep stage was used for plays, operettas, school graduations, concerts, lectures, silent movies and dances. The site of the old church, 20&deg;51&prime;42&Prime;N latitude, 156&deg;18&prime;46&Prime;W longitude became the cemetery. Later the Maui Veteran&#39;s Cemetery was built adjacent to the church cemetery.</p><br>
<p>A native Hawaiian pastor John Kalama served at both Makawao and Pookela until his death in 1896. The original building stood until about 1900.</p><br>
<p>The "Daily Bulletin Newspaper, Honolulu Oct 2, 1889 pg3 Announced the purchase of a new pipe organ built for the church, by the NY firm of Roosevelt. A small organ of one manual/pedal & 6 speaking stops. This being purchased, by Baldwin while he was in New York, he paid a visit to the organ Company.</p><br>
<h2>Stone church</h2><br>
<p>The frame church was razed in 1916 and construction began immediately on a new Gothic Revival style structure. The new building was designed by architect Charles William Dickey (1871–1942), whose mother was Emily Baldwin&#39;s sister.</p><br>
<p>It has been called "one of his more outstanding works." The stone church was dedicated September 2, 1917. It was about the same size as the frame building, and also used the original Paliuli Mill foundation. Henry Alexander Baldwin (known as "Harry"), Henry Perrines son, was featured speaker, along with William Hyde Rice. The organ was donated in the memory of Harry Baldwins sons Jared Smith Baldwin (1889–1914) and Leslie Alexander Baldwin (1898–1901).</p><br>
<p>The walls were built of reinforced concrete with native basalt lava rock veneer. The roof was covered in slate from Vermont. Four stained glass windows and the bell were reused from the old building. A Seth Thomas clock has three faces on the Norman style tower. The main entry is through oak doors in the tower.</p><br>
<p>Austin Craig Bowdish was pastor at the dedication. Augustine Jones became pastor in 1921. The 1938 Maui earthquake damaged the community house, but not the stone church.</p><br>
<p>On June 29, 1985, Makawao Union Church was placed on the Hawaii Register of Historic Places as site 50-05-1610, and December 17, 1985, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii as site 85003227.</p><br>
<p>It now calls itself an "interdenominational, community church with Congregational heritage".</p><br>
<p>the pastor was Rev. Dave Schlicher.</p><br>
<p>The road past the church was named Baldwin Avenue for the Baldwin family.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 1445 Baldwin Avenue, Makawao, Hawaii, 20&deg;53&prime;32&Prime;N latitude, 156&deg;21&prime;3&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<h2>Burials</h2><br>
<p>The church cemetery is located 3.9 miles southeast of the church, in the 3300 block of Baldwin Avenue (@20.861218,-156.311417.) Notable people buried there include the original missionary family: Theodosia Arnold Green, 1859,</p><br>
<p>Jonathan Smith Green, 1878,</p><br>
<p>and Ansenath Cargill Green, 1894,</p><br>
<p>Harry Baldwin, 1946 was a Republican Politician,</p><br>
<p>Annie Montague Alexander, 1950 an explorer and scientist. Others from the Alexander and Baldwin families are buried in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>James Dole, 1958 owned the largest pineapple plantation in the world.</p><br>
<p>Anne Alexander, 1940, and Charles Henry Dickey, 1902 were parents of architect Charles William Dickey.</p><br>
<p>The Maui Veteran&#39;s Cemetery, near the church cemetery, holds the graves of two actors:</p><br>
<p>horror movie actress Evelyn Ankers, 1985, and her husband</p><br>
<p>Richard Denning, 1998, of Hawaii Five-O.</p><br>
<p>Pisissarfik  is a 1,220 metre high mountain in the Sermersooq municipality, West Greenland. The mountain plays a major role in the Inuit mythology of Pisissarfik. It is also important as an archaeological site.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is near the settlement of Kapisillit on the North bank of the Kapisillit Kangerluaq, a branch of the Nuup Kangerlua (Godthåbsfjord), about 150 km northeast of the Greenlandic capital Nuuk.</p><br>
<p>The inland side of the mountain is relatively smooth, but it forms a steep cliff by the coast. Pisissarfik is one of the most striking mountains of the region owing to its distinctive shape.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Until about AD 1350 farmsteads forming part of the Western Settlement (Vestribyggð) were situated along the Kapisillit-Fjord. At that time there were often conflicts with the local Inuit; it is believed that this fighting (along with changes in climate) was one of the reasons for the disappearance of Scandinavian settlers from the region, and eventually from the whole of Greenland. The Kalaallisut name Pisissarfik means shooting range and derives from a legend of that time.</p><br>
<h3>Legends</h3><br>
<p>An Inuk and a Viking are said to have climbed to the summit and held a shooting competition with bow and arrow on a seal pelt, stretched on a bank of the fjord. The Inuk won and pushed the loser off the cliff to his death.</p><br>
<p>According to Inuit mythology, the final and decisive battle between the Nordic settlers and themselves took place at the foot of the mountain, and resulted in the extinction of the settlers. The people long considered numerous graves found at the bottom of the cliff to be those of people killed in this fight. However, scientists from the Danish National Museum, who examined the site between 1945 and 1952, found that they were in fact Inuit graves dating from the 16th to 17th century.</p><br>
<h3>Archaeological Finds</h3><br>
<p>The graves contained human corpses that had been preserved by natural mummification, as with those in Qilakitsoq. In one grave, three children were found, all under one year old. In another lay two women and two children, swathed in Reindeer skins. Even the clothing—anoraks made from bird and seal pelts, and Kamit (singular Kamik, seal skin boots)—were well preserved.</p><br>
<p>Pisissarfik played an important role in the Christianisation of the region in the 18th century: on Pentecost Sunday 1749 the first Deutsche Messe was celebrated at its foot.</p><br>
<p>Border Cave is a rock shelter on the western scarp of the Lebombo Mountains in KwaZulu-Natal near the border between South Africa and Swaziland. Border Cave has a remarkably continuous stratigraphic record of occupation spanning about 200 ka. Anatomically modern Homo sapiens skeletons together with stone tools and chipping debris were recovered. Dating by Carbon-14, amino acid racemisation and electron spin resonance places the oldest sedimentary ash at some 200 kiloannum.</p><br>
<p>Excavations for guano in 1940 by a certain W. E. Barton of Swaziland, revealed a number of human bone fragments and were recognised as extremely old by Professor Raymond Dart, who had visited the site in July 1934, but had carried out only a superficial examination. In 1941 and 1942, a team sponsored by the University of the Witwatersrand carried out a more thorough survey. Subsequent excavations in the 1970s by Peter Beaumont were rewarded with rich yields. The site produced not only the complete skeleton of an infant, but also the remains of at least five adult hominins. Also recovered were more than 69,000 artifacts, and the remains of more than 43 mammal species, three of which are now extinct.</p><br>
<p>Also recovered from the cave was the "Lebombo Bone", the oldest known artifact showing a counting tally. Dated to 35,000 years, it is a small piece of baboon fibula incised with 29 notches, similar to the calendar sticks used by the San of Namibia. Animal remains from the cave show that its early inhabitants had a diet of bushpig, warthog, zebra and buffalo. Raw materials used in the making of artifacts include chert, rhyolite, quartz, and chalcedony, as well as bone, wood and ostrich egg shells.</p><br>
<p>The west-facing cave, which is near Ingwavuma, is located about 100 m below the crest of the Lebombo range and commands sweeping views of the Swazi countryside below. It is semi-circular in horizontal section, some 40 m across, and formed in Jurassic lavas as a result of differential weathering.</p><br>
<p>A set of tools almost identical to that used by the modern San people and dating to 44,000 BP were discovered at the cave in 2012. These represent the earliest unambiguous evidence for modern human behaviour.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the South African government submitted a proposal to add the cave to the list of World Heritage Sites and it has been placed on the UNESCO list of tentative sites as a potential future serial nomination together with Blombos Cave, Pinnacle Point, Klasies River Caves, Sibudu Cave and Diepkloof Rock Shelter.</p><br>
<h2>Regional Setting</h2><br>
<p>Border cave is located at 27°1’19" S, 31°59’24" E within the Kwazulu region. It is located 400 meters from the border of Swaziland, and the cave faces west toward the Lowveld from the southern Lebombo Mountains. The Lebombos Mountains form an unusual mountainous arrangement that is interrupted by deep valleys and eastward slopes. The lowland flats have an elevation of 170–220 meters. Border cave itself is situated roughly 600 meters in elevation, just below the escarpment rim.</p><br>
<p>The main rivers include Usuthu, Ngwavuma, and Pongolo Rivers, which all flow from West to East. They all cut through the mountains as superimposed streams, which form over horizontal beds of faulted rock, and they emerge in the Delagoa Bay. The super imposed streams erode the underlying beds. The Lowveld displays a younger erosional surface cut, and the Karro rocks, specifically the Stormberg basalts and Ecca shales, display older surfaces. The geomorphic setting is diverse, as the Lebombo rhyolites are poorly laminated, slightly banded with phenocrysts of feldspar and occasional quartz. The differences come from the different rates at which cooling and crystallization occurred in the different textural zones. There were slower rates of change during the later Pleistocene and a total absence of seepage water through the walls. Thus, it can be concluded that the opening of the caves took place during the Pleistocene</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<h3>Current Setting</h3><br>
<p>Annual rainfall is approximately 820 mm at Ingwavuma, which is roughly 12 km south of Border Cave. The vegetation in this area is described as a tree community with variable grasses depending on the soil depth. The climate in the region of Border Cave involves the summer-hot, mesothermal, winter-dry Cwa type in Koeppen, with a tropical savanna climate reaching Mozambique and the Coastal Plain. On the Lebombo Range, there are a few kilometers of bushes, scrub-forest, and forest form in a combination of low and high altitudes. Prominent species include Rauvolfia, Protorhus, Trichilia, and Combretum, accompanied by aloes, fig, and Euphorbiaceae. The grass species Eragrostis is prominent in Lowveld. Additionally, the area has acacia and marula trees, accompanied by Digitaria and Themeda grasses.</p><br>
<h3>Findings</h3><br>
<p>Small mammal evidence suggests that the vegetation of Border cave ranged from miombo savanna woodland or high rainfall miombo woodland to Lowveld, arid Lowveld, or mopane at various times during the Upper Pleistocene. Four general phases emerged. In the earliest period, the highest-rainfall miombo occurred. Annual rainfall was at least 25% higher than today, but less than 10% of rainfall occurred during the winter. There were high and relatively high mean annual temperatures, which are comparable to the current conditions found further north. Next, Zululand Thornveld, which occurs today has increased winter rainfall by between 20% to 30%. A mean daily range that is greater than the annual range is considered to be tropical climates. Additionally, frost is sporadic in the Lowveld, occurring every few years in lower altitude areas that have cold air drainage and strong inversions.</p><br>
<p>Vegetation was very broad in the earlier Upper Pleistocene interval, ranging approximately from 125,000 to 35,000 B.P. There were five clearly defined layers containing cultural remains and distinct environmental differences (from older to younger): Middle Stone Age 1, Middle Stone Age 2, Middle Stone Age 3, Early Later Stone Age, and Iron Age. There were specific changes in the vegetation frequencies between the Middle Stone Age and Late Stone Age, and the difference was specifically quantifiable in the relative amounts of grass versus bush in the vegetational mosaic presented. There was more bush present in a majority of the Middle Stone Age 1 and 2 and the Early Late Stone Age. This is reflected in the climatic conditions being very different from the current climatic conditions. There was potentially more grass during the Middle Stone Age 3, which most likely reflects present climatic conditions.</p><br>
<p>A good soil map is available for Swaziland, but soils in the KwaZulu section of the Lebombo Mountains have not been mapped. The basic soil type is brown, clay-like soil. On the basaltic terrain of the Lowveld, the clays are red to brown and well-structured. In flat, low-lying areas, the clays are black or charcoal with coarse blocky structures.</p><br>
<h2>Middle Stone Age and Transition to Early Late Stone Age</h2><br>
<p>The study of bones from larger mammals provides knowledge about the features, and sequence at Border Cave during the Middle Stone Age and early Late Stone Age (c. 125,000 to 35,000 B.P.). Studies were conducted to understand people in the Middle Stone Age and Early Late Stone Age through animal bones and vegetation that they brought back to the site. Additionally, lithostratigraphic analysis of Border Cave provides significant information about when Border Cave was inhabited.</p><br>
<p>Animal body part frequency data from Border Cave indicate the specific hunting patterns of people during the Middle Stone Age and Early Late Stone Age. The data suggest that residents brought back fully intact small animals, but only specific body parts of larger animal species. Additionally, the fauna found at Border Cave contains at least two or three extinct species. One of these is the Bonds springbok (Antidorcas bondi); the presence of this species suggests that the residents of Border Cave preferred open vegetational settings. Bonds springbok survived until approximately 38,000 B.P., specifically after the Later Stone Age people made their first appearance on Border Cave site. There is no evidence for differences in hunting practices between the Border Cave inhabitants during the Middle Stone Age and Late Stone Age.</p><br>
<p>There was unusual stratigraphic and radiometric control at Border Cave, and these data indicate that Border Cave was not always inhabited. Border cave was occupied at different points in time, and each occupancy modified the sediment at Border Cave. One particular sedimentary sequence of interest was the early age of the Middle Stone Age at about 95,000 B.P., which was originally believed to align with the Upper Paleolithic. Instead, the Middle Stone Age at Border Cave was found to extend to the beginning of the Late Interglacial. A number of sedimentary sequences on the interior and the coast, including the Klasies River Mouth site in the southern Cape, the Bushman Rock Shelter, and Florisbad, support this sedimentary pattern presented at Border Cave. Additionally, a late Middle Pleistocene age for the earliest Middle Stone Age follows the uranium-series date of 174,000 B.P.</p><br>
<p>Recovery of stone tools of the Howiesons Poort industry indicates the cultural and biological evolution in southern Africa that took place between the Middle Stone Age and Early Late Stone Age. Howiesons Poort industry was recovered at Klasies River Mouth and Border Cave from cold-climate deposites. This industry consists of small blades, backed crescents, trapezoids, and knives. Comparing Klasies River mouth and Border Cave deposits, more blades and geometric flakes from non-local cryptocrystalline siliceous rock were found in Klasies River Mouth and more blades of chalcedony were found in Border Cave. Finding blades of more modern technological materials displays an example of transitions made to the "Upper Paleolithic" lithic industry.</p><br>
<h2>San Material Culture</h2><br>
<p>The analysis of organic artifacts from Border Cave drew insights to inhabitants in the Early Later Stone Age who used methods similar to those used by San hunter-gatherers. San hunter-gatherers were originally believed to have emerged 20,000 years ago, but findings in Border Cave, Boomplaas, Mumba, and Enkapune Ya Muto note otherwise. Artifacts found in Border Cave include notched bones, bone awls, wooden digging sticks, and bone points. The bone points are of particular interested because they reflect those used by the San hunter-gatherers as arrowheads. These bone points were decorated with a spiral groove filled with red ochre, which closely resembles the San decorations specifically used to identify their ownership of the arrowheads when hunting.</p><br>
<p>Border Cave inhabitants 44 kya used technology and cultural symbols that reflect San material culture in the Late Stone Age. In addition to the bone points, the notched stick was similar to San poison applicators, and the notch stick actually retains residues of a heated toxic compound. Additionally, personal ornaments found in Border Cave consisted of large ostrich egg shells, which was commonly used for onaments by the San people in the same time period as Boomplaas, Mumba, and Enkapune Ya Muto. Analyzing these artifacts confirms that the use of large ostrich egg shells, which were a typical San cultural personal ornament, dates back 45 kya by a number of African sites.</p><br>
<h2>Fossil Man in Lebombo Mountains</h2><br>
<p>The adult skull was less than 200 mm in length, 140–142 mm in breadth, and its auriculobregmatic height was at least 115 mm. The forehead is of moderate height and has a gentle curve into the fault of the skull. The adult human skull is confidently associated with the lithic industry. Additionally, the association of rich fauna, including one or two extinct species, specifically the Springbok, with the lithic industry and the human remains was established by studying the infant skeleton.</p><br>
<p>Bank Buildings is a historical construction on a corner site at 1–7 Charing Cross, Birkenhead, Wirral, Merseyside, England. It consists of offices and shops which extend towards the north along Exmouth Street and towards the west along Grange Road West. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1901 for the Bank of Liverpool. The part of the building on the corner was occupied by the bank and this was flanked by shops on both sides. It was designed by the Chester architects Douglas and Minshull, and the corner building was later occupied by Martins Bank. By the early 2000s the corner building was being used for offices and a shop, and the rest of the building continues to be occupied by other shops.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Bank Buildings is Gothic in style. It is constructed mainly in ashlar stone with some brickwork, and with roofs of Westmorland green slate. The former bank building stands on the corner of the streets and is symmetrical in three storeys with three bays. The central bay has an arched doorway with a three-light mullioned and transomed window in the middle storey. The top storey contains a three-light mullioned window, over which is a gable. In the middle storey on each side of the window is a niche with a crocketted spire containing a statue. The lateral bays have a two-light arched window on the ground floor. Above these rises a two-story canted turret carried on corbels. In each storey are four-light windows, similar in type to those in the central bay. At the top of each is a conical roof with a finial. At the summit of this section of the building is a hipped roof containing two small dormers. To the right of the section is a circular stair tower rising higher than the turrets, with stair windows, and three lancet windows under a conical roof with a finial.</p><br>
<p>To the right of the central section, along Exmouth Street, is a row of four shops, stepped downhill, that are all similar to each other. They have two storeys, the lower storey being in brick with stone dressings, and the upper storey in stone. The lower storey has a modern shop front under an elliptical arch. The upper storey contains three pairs of two-light mullioned and transomed windows. Along the top of the front is a balustraded parapet on corbels. The roof is steeply pitched and has two small dormers. To the left of the central section along Grange Road West are two two-storey shops, similar to each other, with modern shop fronts on the ground floor under elliptical arches. In the upper storey of each are three pairs of two-light mullioned and transomed windows. Above these is a gable containing a single-light window and brick diapering over which is stone coping. Inside the corner section is an octagonal hall, formerly the banking hall. The citation in the National Heritage List for England describes the building as "a varied and lively treatment of an important corner site".</p><br>
<p>The Grand Ditch, also known as the Grand River Ditch and originally known as the North Grand River Ditch, is a water diversion project in the Never Summer Mountains, in northern Colorado . It is 14.3 mi long, 20 ft wide, and 3 ft deep on average. Streams and creeks that flow from the highest peaks of the Never Summer Mountains are diverted into the ditch, which flows over the Continental Divide at La Poudre Pass at 10,175 ft, delivering the water into the Cache La Poudre River for eastern plains farmers. The ditch was started in 1890 and wasn&#39;t completed until 1936. The ditch diverts between 20 and 40% of the runoff from the Never Summer Mountains, and delivers an average of 20,000 acre.ft. It significantly impacts the ecology in the valley below and the National Park Service has fought in court to reduce the amount of diverted water.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Grand Ditch was built by the Larimer County Ditch Company, mostly by Japanese crews, working with hand tools and black powder. The first diverted water flowed east across La Poudre Pass on October 15, 1890. Water Supply and Storage Company took over ownership in 1891. The ditch was extended every year, and reached three miles in 1894.</p><br>
<p>After the creation of Rocky Mountain National Park, increasing demand for water led to the creation of Long Draw Reservoir, and the required land was taken away from the park by Congress in 1923. Long Draw reservoir opened in 1930. The Grand Ditch was then lengthened one more time—this also required an act of Congress since it was now in a national park—to 14.3 mi in September 1936.</p><br>
<p>In May 2003 a 100-foot section of the ditch breached about 2.4 mi south of La Poudre Pass, causing the water to cascade down the slopes and into the Colorado River. The flood left a visible scar on the mountainside: 20,000 trees were downed and 47,600 cubic yards of debris ended up in the Lulu Creek and the headwaters of the Colorado River. The Water Supply and Storage Company reached a settlement to pay $9 million in damages to Rocky Mountain National Park. Periodic overflows of the ditch, of which the 2003 flood was but one example, has left debris all over the western side of the valley; the eastern side is not affected.</p><br>
<p>The Grand River Ditch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 29, 1976. It can be hiked starting from the Bowen/Baker Trailhead in Rocky Mountain National Park.</p><br>
<p>Wrexham Road Farm was a farmhouse and farm buildings lying to the east of Wrexham Road, Eccleston, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building, and it is now located within Chester Business Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The farm was built between 1877 and 1884 as a model farm. It was designed by the Chester architect John Douglas for the 1st Duke of Westminster on his Eaton Hall estate. The buildings are no longer used as a farm and have been converted into offices as part of the Chester Business Park.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The farmhouse is built in brick with stone dressings and has two storeys plus attics. The entrance front faces south and has three bays. The central bay projects forwards and includes a doorway with a single-light window on each side. The other bays, on the ground floor, and all bays in the upper storey, have five-light mullioned windows. All three bays are surmounted by Dutch gables with ball finials. The gables in the lateral bays each contain a small two-light window; the central bay has an oval window. The west face of the farmhouse also has two Dutch gables and stone mullioned windows. The other two faces are plain. A covered passage links the house to the farm buildings. Together with the farmhouse, the farm buildings form a quadrangle. The buildings are in one and two storeys, built in brick, and have steep roofs. The entrance arch has a half-timbered upper storey. In the northeast corner of the farmyard is a dovecote surmounted by a spire. In 1888 Douglas submitted his design for this building and for Saighton Lane Farm at the Royal Academy. The authors of the Buildings of England express the opinion that this is "one of the most agreeable of all Douglas&#39; model farms".</p><br>
<p>The Baldface-Royce Range is a range of mountains in western Maine and eastern New Hampshire, in the United States. They are located in the town of Chatham, New Hampshire, and the townships of Bean&#39;s Purchase, New Hampshire, and Batchelders Grant, Maine, in the eastern part of the White Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Mountains in the Baldface-Royce range</h2><br>
<p>From south to north:</p><br>
<p>*Eastman Mountain, 2,939 ft, ascended by the Eastman Mountain Trail from the Slippery Brook Trail</p><br>
<p>*South Baldface, 3,547 ft, ascended by the Baldface Circle Trail</p><br>
<p>*North Baldface, 3,606 ft, ascended by the Baldface Circle Trail and Bicknell Ridge Trail</p><br>
<p>*Mount Meader, 2,782 ft, ascended by the Mount Meader Trail, Basin Rim Trail and Meader Ridge Trail</p><br>
<p>*West Royce Mountain, 3,200 ft, has limited views from its wooded summit; ascended by the Royce Trail, Burnt Mill Brook Trail, and Basin Rim Trail</p><br>
<p>*East Royce Mountain, 3,114 ft, has good views from its open summit; ascended by the Royce Trail, East Royce Trail, Laughing Lion Trail, and Burnt Mill Brook Trail</p><br>
<p>The Haikū Sugar Mill was a processing factory for sugarcane from 1861 to 1879 on the island of Maui in Hawaii.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The northeastern coast of Maui had a small village named Hai kū which literally means "sharp break" in the Hawaiian language.</p><br>
<p>The Haiku Sugar Company was chartered on November 20, 1858 by the Kingdom of Hawaii. It was one of the first ten companies to go into the sugar business in the Hawaiian Islands. The investors, the Castle & Cooke partnership, contracted with Isaac Adams of Boston and D. M. Weston for a milling machine and boiling house with total cost of US$12,000. The first crop was processed in December 1861. In 1871 Samuel T. Alexander became manager of the mill. He formed Alexander & Baldwin with his partner Henry Perrine Baldwin, and organized an irrigation system from 1876 to 1878 that allowed more steady crops to be grown in more leeward areas of the island. As a result, Haiku Mill was abandoned in 1879.</p><br>
<p>In 1881 Kahului railroad allowed cane to be carried to larger mills near the town of Kahului. In 1905 the Haiku plantation merged with another to become Maui Agricultural Company, and later became the Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company division of Alexander & Baldwin with one remaining mill at Puunene. The Haikū area later became a pineapple plantation. The former cannery at 810 Haiku Road is now a shopping center called the Haiku Marketplace.</p><br>
<p>Only the walls of the mill were left standing when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii on February 6, 1986 as site 86000189. It is state historic site 50-046-1622. Today, guests are treated to a breathtaking mix of French-inspired décor, vine-draped ruins and spectacular flora.</p><br>
<p>A stroll beneath the Mill’s archway is like a trip back in time.</p><br>
<p>The mill is located at 250 Haiku Road, 20&deg;55&prime;32&Prime;N latitude, 156&deg;19&prime;44&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>The Aurora Public Library was first organized by voluntary contributions. When the town was incorporated in 1819 a lot on Fifth Street  was set aside for a public library, but it took time for enough funds to be raised for its establishment.William Elmer Henry: History, condition and management Indiana. Louisiana purchase exposition commission</p><br>
<p>Publisher s.n., 1904 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized Oct 2, 2006 Length 162 pages pages 12-14</p><br>
<p>In 1882 fundraising by the sale of stock in the library property was done in $5 per share for 141 shares, subscribed by 51 people, and the sale of the library lot for another $700 raising $1,405. Non-shareholders could access the library for $1.50 a year.</p><br>
<p>In 1901 the library with its 3,500 volumes and "several current magazines" was transferred to the city, and opened in two "well lighted rooms" in the city building three afternoons and two evenings per week with an annual circulation totaling 11,000. It was funded with a 3 cent tax per $100 in property value ($370 per year) supplemented by donations of books and money. A 1904 account stated that under its board selected by the city council "Aurora now has a good, free, public library operating under a very favorable law and there is no reason why, fostered as it is, it should not fulfill the expectations of the liberal minded founders of the city who planned for a community where culture would be general and where ignorance should have no place."</p><br>
<p>The current Aurora Library building was constructed by the Cincinnati architectural firm of Garber & Woodward in 1913-1914, with a small rear addition designed by the same firm and added in 1923. It is a one-story, "T" plan, Renaissance Revival style red brick building on a raised basement. It has a low hipped roof, round arched openings, and terra cotta ornament.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It is located in the Downtown Aurora Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Squirrel Hill Site is an archaeological site in northeastern Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in St. Clair Township west of the borough of New Florence, it was once occupied by a large Monongahela village during the pre-contact period.</p><br>
<p>The village site lies on a bluff above the Conemaugh River northwest of Squirrel Hill, an imposing summit immediately southwest of New Florence, for which the site is named. The site has frequently been farmed since European settlement, and the disturbance resulting from plowing has brought up a large number of artifacts; consequently, locals have long been aware of the site&#39;s archaeological potential. A large area of permanently darkened soil suggests that the site was frequently the home of a dense population.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological investigation has determined that the Squirrel Hill Site is the location of one of the largest Monongahela villages in the valley of the Ohio River. Like the similar Johnston Site to the northwest, it was likely composed of a group of circular houses around a central plaza and encircled by a stockade. Objects found at the site include flint tools, pieces of pottery, and a wide range of bone fragments. The presence of human burials is expected, as the Monongahela often buried their dead within their villages.</p><br>
<p>Aside from plowing for agricultural purposes, the site has only rarely been disturbed; a dirt road crosses the property, but it is believed that the range of artifacts below the plow line has seen little damage. Few other Johnston phase Monongahela villages have been so well preserved as the Squirrel Hill Site. Accordingly, it has been seen as a prime potential site for yielding information about the poorly known late prehistoric Johnston phase.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Squirrel Hill Site was added to the National Register of Historic Places because of its archaeological value. One acre of the site, including land on both sides of the small dirt road, was included in the area added to the Register.</p><br>
<p>The Bradano is a river in the Basilicata and Apulia regions of southern Italy. Its source is Lago Pesole  in the province of Potenza. The river flows southeast near Monte Torretta, Acerenza, and Oppido Lucano. After crossing into the province of Matera, it is joined by a right tributary, the Alvo. The river flows near Irsina before being joined by a left tributary, the Basentello. Shortly after that, it is joined by another right tributary, the Bilioso. The river then enters Lago di San Giuliano. After flowing out of the lake, the Bradano is joined by a left tributary, the Gravina, and flows southeast near Montescaglioso before entering the province of Taranto. It is then joined by a left tributary, the Gravina di Matera, before re-entering the province of Matera after a short distance. The river flows near the border with the province of Taranto before entering the Gulf of Taranto near Lido di Metaponto.</p><br>
<p>Webb Hill is a hill located in St. George, Utah, in Washington County. The hill houses numerous radio and television tower facilities that serve the local area. The hill&#39;s geology is common with the surrounding region.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>As with the surrounding area, soil and rock formations on Webb Hill are red in appearance due to the presence of iron oxide. Although portions of the older section of the city of St. George (particularly the southern part near the Virgin River) lie on floodplain alluvium, much of the city is built directly upon Jurassic, Triassic, and Permian period sedimentary bedrock. This includes Webb Hill. At its highest point, the hill reaches 3,140 ft in elevation. It is 1.3 mi in length from east to west, and 0.5 mi in length from north to south.</p><br>
<h2>Radio</h2><br>
<p>Multiple lower power and booster stations broadcast from the hill, a full list of which can be found.</p><br>
<p>Given these stations are translators and lower power stations, their coverage of the region is limited. Full power stations in St. George transmit from Seegmiller Mountain, 17 miles south of town in Arizona.</p><br>
<h2>Television</h2><br>
<p>Along with radio station transmitters, the hill is home to numerous television stations. The two best known stations are KMYU (digital channel 9) and KUEW (digital channel 18). KMYU is a full service television station while KUEW is a satellite of KUED (PBS) from Salt Lake City. All stations on the list appearing 2.9 miles away from St. George are in fact broadcasting from within the city on Webb Hill. In total 17 television stations (most of them low power) broadcast from the mountain. However, due to the national digital television transition, several of the analog translator stations were shut off.</p><br>
<h2>Internet</h2><br>
<p>Along with radio and television station transmitters, Webb Hill is home to one of the local high speed internet providers&#39; transmitters in St. George.</p><br>
<p>Utica Parks and Parkway Historic District is a national historic district located at Utica in Oneida County, New York. It consists of four contributing historic elements: a historic right-of-way known as the Memorial Parkway and the three large parks it connects: Roscoe Conkling Park, F.T. Proctor Park, and T.R. Proctor Park. The district includes seven contributing buildings, three contributing sites, 26 contributing structures, and five contributing objects. The park and parkway system was designed between 1908 and 1914 by the firm of Olmsted Brothers Landscape Associates, headed by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. The Utica Zoo is located in Roscoe Conkling Park.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1905, Thomas R. Proctor announced he was donating land to the city of Utica for public use. “For his generosity, July 9 was declared ‘Proctor Day’ and was celebrated by a parade or special festivities in the parks." The Olmsted family that designed the Emerald Necklace in Boston and Central Park in New York City, also designed the parks for Utica: Frederick T. Proctor, Thomas R. Proctor, and Roscoe Conkling Parks. These city parks are known today to accommodate athletic activities, public events, and fundraisers.</p><br>
<h2>Frederick T. Proctor Park</h2><br>
<p>Frederick T. Proctor Park is located on the corner of Rutger Street and Culver Avenue. It has approximately sixty-two acres of land that offers people of all ages to walk, run, roller blade, ride their bicycles, and other athletic activities. It is considered the “crown jewel” of the parks because it’s the smallest of the Utica Parks and Parkway system. This park is known for its country feel that it brings to the city. Along with the country feel, the park includes a lily pond, a butterfly garden, bathhouses, stone staircases, and historic sculptors. “Many of the stone structures in the park were added during the WPA era and though they are not original to the park’s Olmsted design, they are no less significant." The Works Progress Administration (WPA) opened on June 22, 1935 and was a national program of construction and improvement, which assisted in building some of the parks&#39; structures. There is a creek that flows through T. R. Proctor Park and F. T. Proctor Park called Starch Factory Creek. This creek attracts many children during the spring and summer. F. T. Proctor Park is not only known for its landscape, but also its woods. The park contains a vast array of trees and flowers that were planted by the garden club and Conservancy volunteers. This park holds many festivities from birthdays to Fourth of July celebrations. Uticans are yearly entertained by the fireworks at F. T. Proctor Park on Independence Day. Another event this park holds are wine gatherings that raise awareness of the Utica park system. They are hosted by Central New York Conservatory Inc. and sponsored by Quadsimia LLC.</p><br>
<h2>Thomas R. Proctor Park</h2><br>
<p>Thomas R. Proctor Park is located next to F. T. Proctor Park on the corner of Culver Avenue and Welshbush Road. It has a hundred acres of land with baseball and soccer fields, basketball courts, a playground, and running trail. Judge Buckley Pool is across the street and available for the public from Monday through Sunday at 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. during the summer time. There are many happenings that occur at this park like the two-day soccer tournament. This tournament is called the Redeemer Cup and it brings together over a thousand people from across the city’s different ethnic communities. Pastor Rick Andrew is currently the director of the event. Thomas R. Proctor Park is used by local colleges, schools, and individuals.</p><br>
<h2>Roscoe Conkling Park</h2><br>
<p>Roscoe Conkling Park is located on Oneida Street and the Memorial Parkway totaling up to 625 acres. This was the first park developed by the Proctor brothers in 1909. It was designed to give Utica a pastoral appearance. With its natural view, it is seen as one of the major parts in the city; the park includes the Utica Zoo, Valley View Golf Course, Val Bialas Ski and Sled Chalet, Parkway Recreation Center, John Mott Tennis Courts, South Woods switchback trails, and several monuments. The Utica Zoo features a variety of animals on forty acres of land. They have over 200 animals. Drivers will very often see deer on the Memorial Parkway. Throughout the year they host many social events and fundraisers: Eggstravaganza, Wine in the Wilderness, Brewfest, and Spooktacular. Valley View Golf Course was designed by Robert Trent Jones and is used by golfers of all skill levels with three fields: white field having 6409 yards, blue field having 6786 yards, and red field with 5916 yards. Val Bialas Ski and Sled Chalet was named after the third time local Olympian ice skater Valentine Bialas. It offers a rope tow, chair lift, night skiing, ice rink, and chalet with a snack bar. There are five trials each at a different difficulty level and a separate sliding hill. The Parkway Recreation Center, also known as the Edward A. Hanna Recreation Center, contains two modified basketball courts, a playground, weight training station, exercise equipment, walking track, tennis courts, computer room, conference area, and a Utica Sport Hall of Fame. This recreation center is also provided for the Utica Boys & Girls Club and the Parkway Senior Center. Basketball tournaments are held here and there called “Hoops & Dreams,” which is founded and directed by Patrick Johnson. John Mott Tennis Courts are also a part of the recreation center. The South Woods Switchback Trails are groomed in the winter for cross country skiing. Roscoe Conkling Park also has many memorials and statues, including the Eagle Monument.</p><br>
<p>Moturekareka Island is a small island off the southern edge of Kawau Island in Auckland&#39;s Hauraki Gulf, approximately 43.7 km north of Auckland. It is separated from nearby Motuketekete Island by Blanche Channel.</p><br>
<p>A four masted barque, the Rewa (formerly the "Alice A.Leigh"), now forms an artificial breakwater on the northeastern side of the island. The Rewa was sunk intentionally by the island&#39;s owner Charles Hanson in 1930.The masts can still be seen laying in the water at the bow of the Rewa. When the Rewa was sunk the top deck was cut off her as the tide came in which is why she is cut on an angle. The Family Laing-Smith owned and lived on the island for many years trading as commercial fishermen. The concrete foundation of the house can still be found on the island tracks were cut in by bulldozer for logging purposes ( they can still walked today) The island passed through one other owner before being gifted to DOC.</p><br>
<p>The Deffenbaugh Site is an archaeological site in southwestern Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in Nicholson Township west of the borough of Smithfield, it was once occupied by a village of the Monongahela people.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Deffenbaugh Site occupies a saddle between two low hills; its elevation is approximately 1,140 ft, while the hills rise to approximately 1,200 ft. Rising in a valley immediately southeast of the site is a spring that feeds York Run; via Georges Creek, this stream is a tributary of the Monongahela River. Land in the vicinity of the site is a mix of cleared and wooded areas; the site itself is clear of trees.</p><br>
<h2>Profile</h2><br>
<p>Like other Monongahela villages, the Deffenbaugh Site is believed to consist of the remains of circular houses built around a central plaza and surrounded by a defensive stockade. Like many other Monongahela villages, the site occupies a location atop a ridge; this location was likely chosen for its defensive value, as the Monongahela were a warlike people who frequently fought among themselves. The residents may have been related to those of villages excavated in Somerset County to the east, who produced pottery similar to that found at Deffenbaugh. Additionally, the site may be related to other sites in Fayette County; while pottery samples for identification purposes are lacking, it is known that at least two other Monongahela villages occupied hilltops within 4 mi of Deffenbaugh.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The first study of the Deffenbaugh Site, published in 1931, reported the excavations of local archaeologist George Fisher, who recorded the discovery of bone beads and the burial of a child. After this minimal investigation, the next work at the site was carried out in the 1960s by Donald Tanner of the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. His test excavations revealed pottery, bits of bones, and shells, as well as the remnants of a tramway. A further study, conducted in 1980, revealed that the tramway had significantly damaged part of the site. Despite this disturbance, it was rated to be in fine condition overall; because surface mining has disrupted wide areas of Fayette County, sites such as Deffenbaugh are extremely rare and thus of great value.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, the Deffenbaugh Site was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its information-yielding potential.</p><br>
<p>Sarah Ann Island  is a vanished island, previously located at {{coord|4|0|N|154|22|W|display=inline,title|type:isle_region:KI}} . It was discovered in 1858 and claimed by an American guano firm, under the Guano Islands Act .</p><br>
<p>A search in 1932 by German astronomers was unsuccessful.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, the United States Pacific Fleet attempted to locate the island, intending to establish an observatory there to view the Solar eclipse of June 8, 1937, but was also unsuccessful. The island, which was observed 15 years before, was nowhere to be found. Instead, observations were made on the nearby Canton and Enderbury Islands and Sarah Ann was quietly removed from Naval charts and has become a phantom island.</p><br>
<p>One explanation is that Sarah Ann Island was identical to Malden Island, but due to a clerical error it was listed at 4° N instead of 4° S.</p><br>
<p>The Fisher Site is an archaeological site in northwestern Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located along a tributary of Wheeling Creek in northern Richhill Township, it was once occupied by a Monongahela village. It has been ranked as one of southwestern Pennsylvania&#39;s most important locations for prehistoric preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Fisher Site lies in the floodplain of the Enlow Fork,</p><br>
<h2>Profile</h2><br>
<p>Testing has revealed that the village was part of the Drew Phase of the Monongahela; it was the tenth Drew site to be identified. The location of the Fisher Site in bottomland distinguishes it from all previously-known Drew sites and most other Monongahela villages; due to the frequent warfare among the Monongahela, their villages were typically built on hilltops.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>Although property owners had collected surface artifacts at the site since at least the early 1940s, the Fisher Site was first observed in 1962 during testing to reveal natural gas wells in the area. Fourteen years passed before an archaeological investigation was conducted at the site; testing conducted by this investigation revealed it to be a Late Woodland village site. A third excavation, carried out much more meticulously than either of the others, was completed shortly before 1981.</p><br>
<p>Nearly 1,100 artifacts were recovered from the test pits of the third excavation, including animal bones, stone tools, and over 500 potsherds of various styles. Among the potsherds were pieces decorated with unusual geometric designs; no other site is known to have produced pottery with these designs.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Intensive industrialization in the river valleys of southwestern Pennsylvania has likely destroyed most of the region&#39;s Monongahela sites originally located in floodplains. Moreover, it is possible that many unknown sites have been destroyed during the process of surface mining for coal in the region. In contrast to this common situation, the Enlow Fork in the vicinity of the Fisher Site is quite undeveloped; only small roads traverse the region, and — unlike in southern Richhill Township — no gas wells operate nearby. The pristine condition of the site and the likelihood that it will yield information about the little-known Drew Phase has led it to be assessed as highly worthy of preservation. In accordance with this goal, the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Tavern Club is private social club in the Central neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Its home is a building designed by architect J. Milton Dyer in a Northern Renaissance style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It was also designated as a landmark by the City of Cleveland.</p><br>
<p>Dyer was a member of the Tavern Club, which was established 1892-93. He designed a building for the group when it moved from a leased property at 968 Prospect Street to its present building on January 1, 1905. "The exterior construction and the traditional interior decor of the building" have remained essentially the same since the club&#39;s beginning.</p><br>
<p>The upstairs originally contained two squash courts and a rackets court.</p><br>
<p>Chappell Hill Methodist Episcopal Church  is a historic church on Church Street in Chappell Hill, Texas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current Carpenter Gothic church building was constructed in 1901 Heinrich C. Brandt, but the church congregation and its Wesleyan tradition date back to 1849.</p><br>
<p>In 1849, Chappell Hill&#39;s founders, Jacob Haller and Mary Hargrove Haller, dedicated an acre, adjacent to the Chappell Hill Academy, for a church site. Five years earlier the national Methodist Episcopal Church had split into a Northern and Southern conference after being united since the founding of Methodism in America in 1789.</p><br>
<p>The first church building was erected in 1853 and continually served as a house of worship until September 9, 1900 when it was destroyed by the Great Storm of 1900. The present building was constructed in 1901.</p><br>
<p>The two General Conferences, Methodist Episcopal Church (or northern section) and Methodist Episcopal Church, South, remained separate until the 1939 merger of these two denominations plus a third, the Methodist Protestant Church, the resulting church being known as the Methodist Church.</p><br>
<p>On April 23, 1968, the United Methodist Church was created when the Evangelical United Brethren Church and the Methodist Church joined hands at the constituting General Conference in Dallas, Texas. The church continues as an active and growing congregation in the twenty-first century, with a full-time ordained pastor, weekly worship services and faith-based activities almost every day of the week.</p><br>
<p>The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Chappell Hill Circulating Library is a historic library on Cedar Street in Chappell Hill, Texas.</p><br>
<p>The library was founded by the Chappell Hill Circulating Library Association in 1893, due to the generosity of W.G. Foote, Jr, who donated the library owned by his late father, Dr. W. G. Foote, Sr. Dr. Foote was a Methodist Minister and a professor at Chappell Hill&#39;s Soule University during the mid-nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The collection was stored in various places for the first several years, until the newly formed Civic Club founded by local ladies decided to build a new library on Cedar Street (once called College St.) The three directors of the Circulating Library Association were Mrs. Fannie A. Campbell, Mrs. Joe E. Routt, and Miss Nannie Adams.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1912 in a Colonial Revival style by J.W. Heartfield. The plan is nearly square, 20 x 24, with clapboard siding and corner beads. There is a hipped roof that is now asphalt, but was once shingled in cedar. The front elevation exhibits a semi-circular portico supported by two Doric columns capped with oversized capitals and two pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The interior is simple, with a single room adorned with beaded board wainscoting along the perimeter. Inside is a wrought iron fence from the balcony of the Hiram Thompson home.</p><br>
<p>When the Chappell Hill Female College closed down in 1912, they donated many of their books to the new public library. Some of them bear the name of the "Philomathean Society," one of two literary societies on the college campus.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, the building wore down and was damaged. By 1964, its columns were collapsing. Descendants of the original members of the Circulating Library Association decided that it should be saved and formed the Chappell Hill Historical Society. They ran a number of fundraisers, the largest of which was the Antique Show, held during the overlap between National Library Week and one of the Bluebonnet Trail Weekends, and thus the Bluebonnet Festival was born.</p><br>
<p>That year they were able to restore the library, and to their delight, discovered that the collection was intact!</p><br>
<p>The Historical Society continues to work to preserve the library, and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 20, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>Punta Tre Vescovi  is a peak in the Biellese Prealps, northern Italy. On its top, three valleys meet: Valle del Lys, Valsesia, and Valle Cervo.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Its name (meaning "Peak of the Three Bishops") stems from the fact that the peak is the convergence point of the Catholic dioceses of Biella, Aosta and Vercelli.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>In the SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) it gives the name to a mountain group called "Catena Tre Vescovi - Mars".</p><br>
<p>The mountain is divided from the neighboring mount Gemelli di Mologna by the Mologna Grande pass. On the Valsesia side (NE) there are three small lakes (Italian: Laghi dei Tre Vescovi), while another one is on the Aosta Valley side (Gretie).</p><br>
<p>Administratively Punta Tre Vescovi is included in the comuni of Gaby, Rassa and Andorno Micca.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain huts</h2><br>
<p>Rifugio Alfredo Rivetti (2,150 m)</p><br>
<p>Saighton Lane Farm is a farm, originating as a model farm, in Saighton Lane, 0.5 mi to the north-northeast of the village of Saighton, Cheshire, England. The farmhouse and the farm buildings are recorded separately in the National Heritage List for England as designated Grade II listed buildings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The farm was built in 1888–89 as a model farm for the 1st Duke of Westminster on his Eaton Hall estate and designed by the Chester firm of architects Douglas and Fordham.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The farmhouse is built in brown brick with sandstone dressings and diapering in blue brick and some timber framing. It has a red tile roof. The plan consists of a main wing facing Saighton Lane and two separate wings at the rear, forming a U-shape. The building has two storeys plus attics. The main front has three bays with timber framing in its upper storey and attic. The central bay projects forward towards the lane and contains a porch. In its lower storey is a three-light mullioned casement window on the left and the porch, which is recessed and framed, is on the right. The upper storey contains a three-light window and in the gable above it is a two-light window. Around these windows is timber-framed panelling. The frames over the porch contain the inscriptions "The profit of the earth is for all; the King himself is served by the field", and "Every house is builded by some man, but he that built all things is God", the latter being a text taken from the Epistle to the Hebrews. The lateral bays each have a mullioned window in the ground floor. The return to the left of the main front has a gable containing a window and timber-framed panelling. There are three brick chimney stacks. One rises from the right return and has a plinth and three flues with twisted brickwork; another rises from the rear of the main wing and is similar, with four flues. The third chimney stack at the rear of the left wing is plain.</p><br>
<p>Together with the farmhouse, the farm buildings form three sides of a quadrangle, open towards the lane. There are two two-storey wings, one opposite the farmhouse, the other at the rear, and a smaller single-storey wing behind the farmhouse. The upper storey of the wing opposite the house has timber framing in the upper storey; otherwise the buildings are in brown brick with blue brick diapering. In the gable at the end of the wing opposite the farmhouse facing the lane is a two-light mullioned window surrounded by panelling. Douglas submitted his design for this building and for Wrexham Road Farm at the Royal Academy in 1888. The authors of the Buildings of England series describe this model farm as "a particularly nice one".</p><br>
<p>The Carl Potter Mound  is a historic Native American mound in southern Champaign County, Ohio, United States. Located near Mechanicsburg, it lies on a small ridge in a pasture field in southeastern Union Township. In 1974, the mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a potential archaeological site, primarily because of its use as a burial mound.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology of Champaign County</h2><br>
<p>The valleys of the Scioto and Miami rivers were rich with prehistoric earthworks when whites settled Ohio. Champaign County lies midway between these rivers, and accordingly its earthworks are fewer than those of the counties located along those two rivers. A 1914 study observed only six mounds and a total of eighteen archaeological sites countywide, in contrast to thirty-three mounds and a total of fifty-nine sites in Logan County to the north, and twenty-two mounds and a total of ninety-six sites in Miami County to the west. Unknown to this survey was the Carl Potter Mound: although it is one of several mounds and many burial sites that have been recorded on a single farm in Union Township, the only sites observed by the survey were located in the western part of the township.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby investigations</h2><br>
<p>In the late nineteenth century, a kame in the farm&#39;s barnyard was excavated for gravel and found to contain multiple burials and artifacts, which have since been assessed as dating from the Cole period. Also located on the Potter farm is the site of a smaller mound, known as "Hodge Mound I." Intensive cultivation over the mound has reduced it to ground level; its location can only be observed when the site is plowed, at which time remnants of charcoal can be seen in the newly cultivated soil. In contrast, the Potter Mound is not plowed; although it has been reduced in height by cultivation in the past, the site is no longer being so used.</p><br>
<p>During the 1930s, a group of young boys decided to dig into the Potter Mound; their primitive investigation yielded a group of bones and a grooved stone axe. No other excavations, whether crude or rigorous, have been conducted since that time: accordingly, it is believed that the mound still contains burials and other artifacts. This axe alone is insufficient to identify the builders of the mound: grooved axes have been discovered both at early Adena sites and at the sites of the earlier Late Archaic period. Nevertheless, it is believed that the mound was built by the Adena, due to its location: like the Potter mound, many confirmed Adena sites are located on small ridges near brooks. If the mound were built by an Adena group, it is likely the work of a clan that was isolated from the main Adena regions in the Scioto River valley to the east.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1970, Ohio State University archaeologist Stephen C. Koleszar carried out a survey of archaeological sites in southwestern Ohio. Although six mounds had been recorded in Champaign County in 1914 — not including the Potter mound — only three mounds, including the Potter mound, were still in existence by 1970. Four years later, the Potter mound was added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a preservation effort. As part of its nomination to the Register, it was designated the "Carl Potter Mound" for its owner, Carl Potter; its previous name of "Hodge Mound" is a reference to a former owner, James A. Hodge.</p><br>
<p>The Bedford Village Archeological Site  is an archaeological site in central Bedford County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in Bedford Township north of the borough of Bedford, it was once occupied by a Monongahela culture village. Today, the site is the location of Old Bedford Village, an open-air museum.</p><br>
<h2>Profile</h2><br>
<p>The Monongahela village once located at the site was composed of circular houses surrounded by a stockade, It was built at the highest point of a terrace along the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River, above the marshy areas of the rivers floodplain. This location is atypical for the Monongahela culture, whose bearer typically settled in upland areas for defensive purposes. The villagers houses were similar to those in other settlements; one house in the village is known to have been of a diameter of 7 m, like those in many other Monongahela villages. Based on archaeological evidence, it is believed that the site was occupied for a short period of time — perhaps two generations — at some point between the years 1250 and 1600.</p><br>
<h2>Historical period</h2><br>
<p>After European settlement of the area, the hardwood forest at the site was cleared and the area was farmed for many years. Agriculture ended at the site in the mid-1970s, when the Bedford County Redevelopment Authority received a federal grant to construct a living history museum at the site. The resulting attraction, known as Old Bedford Village, was built in 1975 and 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>Before the creation of Old Bedford Village, the site was locally known as a source of artifacts, but no wider attention was paid to the site&#39;s archaeological potential until after the museum was established. Testing at the northern portion of the site in 1977 revealed evidence of a village from the Monongahela period and of pre-Monongahela occupation dating back to the Late Archaic period. In the summers of 1979 and 1980, Pennsylvania State University conducted much more extensive excavations at different locations in Old Bedford Village, revealing stockade trenches around much of the site.</p><br>
<p>It is believed that the site was extensively impacted by the construction of Old Bedford Village: buildings and utility lines were erected atop much of the site, and a gravel road now runs across the area. Moreover, the heavy machinery used in construction may have buried middens on the edge of the village&#39;s terrace. However, approximately three-fourths of the site remained undamaged after construction, and it is unlikely that any more areas will be affected by the museum.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Bedford Village Site represents an unusual mix of phases in Native American history in the region. As one of the most eastern Monongahela sites ever discovered, it represents the possibility of transition between the Monongahela and other peoples of central Pennsylvania. Moreover, the site&#39;s location in a floodplain has been cited as evidence for climate change in North America: it has been proposed that cooling weather around the year 1500 caused the bearer of the Monongahela culture to abandon their hilltop homes in favor of warmer weather in river valleys.</p><br>
<p>Questions of influence from other cultures are especially significant because artifacts have also been found at the site of the Shenks Ferry culture of eastern Pennsylvania. While such evidence is minimal, it suggests a short-term Shenks Ferry occupation at a date later than that of the Monongahela; among the remains of the Shenks Ferry occupation is a large midden located on top of the Monongahela stockade.</p><br>
<p>The wide range of artifacts and the high degree of preservation at the Bedford Village site led to its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Tai Ho Wan  is a bay on the north shore of Lantau Island in Hong Kong. It is located west of Siu Ho Wan, and northeast of Tung Chung. The surrounding land was originally part of the North Lantau New Town scope, but there is a current slowdown in its plans because of the lack in population growth and environmental groups opposed to the next in abeyance.</p><br>
<p>Tai Ho was originally a rural area, to the northern part there is a shoal extend and to the southern part is the foot of Lin Fa Shan. Slopes are covered with grassland and shrub forests. There are monsoonal nature of swamps, as well as a stream named Tai Ho Stream which flows into the Tai Ho Bay.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, the British Hong Kong Government announced that the Airport Core Programme, which includes the north through the Tai Ho, North Lantau Highway, and the development of Tai Ho into new towns. The plans for the Tung Chung Line was released at this time which also called for the construction of a Tai Ho station. However, in the late 1990s, due to the slow down in the development of Tung Chung, the expected slow down in population growth, coupled with environmental concerns that the development of Tai Ho will affect the local environment and ecology, large-scale construction is still under review.</p><br>
<h2>Tai Ho Stream</h2><br>
<p>Tai Ho Stream contains the largest varieties of freshwaterfish species in Hong Kong, with 47 species of fish. In 1999, the Hong Kong Government designated Tai Ho Stream as the 63rd Site of Special Scientific Interest due to the discovery of the Ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) in the river, which cannot be found anywhere in the world except for waters in Hokkaidō, and Hong Kong.</p><br>
<p>Barringer Farmhouse is a historic structure located in Rhinebeck, New York, just west of US 9. Built c. 1830, the building is in a sparsely populated neighborhood and is accessed via an unpaved road north of Fox Hollow Road. The lot covers 15.2 acre of land, characterized by hills and open fields with lightly wooded areas. The building itself sits at the crest of a knoll overlooking two large ponds. The ponds were created by the Fallsburg Creek, which forms the eastern boundary of the property.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story building with features of the late Federal and early Greek Revival styles. Its interior displays a high level of architectural integrity. A barn and shed complex is located north of the main house. The one-and-a-half-story barn, a contributing aspect to the property, was built in the late nineteenth-century. The shed is attached to the southwest corner of the barn, and was built in the twentieth century. A contributing nineteenth-century corn crib lies east of the barn and shed.</p><br>
<p>It is believed that John Barringer acquired the property in 1806. The Barringer family were early settlers of Rhinebeck. Based on its design features, the house is thought to have been erected around 1930. Whether it was built by John Barringer or another Barringer is unknown. It is considered a historically significant example of distinctive late Federal/early Greek Revival residential architecture in Rhinebeck. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 9, 1987.</p><br>
<p>Stud Lodge is a building in the grounds of Eaton Hall, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<p>Stud Lodge was built in 1881–82 as a store shed and domestic offices for the 1st Duke of Westminster on his estate at Eaton Hall and designed by the Chester architect John Douglas. It is built in two storeys in red brick with some timber framing and has a red tile roof. The wing of the building to the right has a circular lower storey in brick over which, supported by corbels, is an octagonal timber framed upper storey, surmounted by a spire that includes a small dormer. To the left is a wing, entirely in brick, with a polygonal apse-like end, multiple windows in the upper storey, and a finial on the apex of its roof.</p><br>
<p>Burnchurch Castle, a National Monument, is a well-preserved 15th century Norman tower house with a round gate tower, situated in County Kilkenny, Ireland. Burnchurch Castle and tower, along with the Church of Ireland church, and the lime trees became a National Monument in 1993.</p><br>
<p>It is said to have been built and owned by the Fitzgeralds of the house of Desmond in 15th century and continued to be occupied until 1817.</p><br>
<p>It is 6.5 km south west of Kilkenny, off the Clonmel Road, 6 km from Ballybur near Cuffesgrange, outside the town of Callan, nearby to Kells Priory.</p><br>
<p>It is located in Burnchurch parish and was in the barony of Shillelogher.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Many tower houses have mural chambers and passages hidden away within their walls, though few have the number and complexity of those found in Burnchurch Castle. Beneath there is a vault with the principal chamber above, lying just below a gabled roof. There are numerous narrow rooms in the walls, including a "secret room" on the fourth floor.</p><br>
<p>A curved outside staircase still provides access to the three upper floors of this little tower so it can be explored. It has mullioned windows and is noteworthy for its finely carved fireplace with a joggle voussoir arch and its tall round chimney. The rounded chimney may be a later improvement.</p><br>
<p>It is broadly similar in size and layout to Clara Castle in Clara, but differs in that the gable-end walls are carried up one story higher than the other two walls and form to elongated turrets with their won rampart walls at the highest part of the building. Burnchurch Castle and Clara are good examples of the characteristic Irish-style of stepped battlements.</p><br>
<p>It is known for being one of several Irish towers with the slightly narrower sides of the castle extending up an additional floor, creating in essence a pair of tower wide turrets.</p><br>
<p>The National Palace  is a building in Santo Domingo, that houses the offices of the Executive Branch  of the Dominican Republic.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Designed in a restrained neoclassical style by Italian architect Guido D&#39;Alessandro at the behest of Rafael Trujillo, construction started on February 27, 1944 —The centenary of Dominican independence —and was inaugurated on August 16, 1947. Occupying an area of 18,000 square metres and luxuriously appointed throughout, the National Palace is considered one of the most beautiful buildings built in the Dominican Republic.</p><br>
<p>The building stands on the grounds of the former Presidential Mansion (Mansión Presidencial), built during the United States military occupation of 1916-1924.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>While the president&#39;s office is located within the palace, the Palacio Nacional is not an executive residence as the president does not live there; there is no designated Executive Residence in Santo Domingo. The building comprises three stories. Building services are located at ground level.</p><br>
<p>The main floor includes the ceremonial vestibule, the Presidential and Vice-presidential offices, and the Cabinet meeting room. The third storey houses the main reception rooms: the Hall of the Ambassadors, the Hall of the Caryatids, the Green Room, the Mahogany room, and the president&#39;s private quarters.</p><br>
<p>The dome, which rests on a windowed drum, is 34 metres high and has a diameter of 18 m. Inside, 18 columns sustain the dome. Most of the marble used throughout the building is Dominican, and was extracted from quarries in Samaná and Caballero. The Palacio Nacional complex also includes the "presidential" Chapel of San Rafael Arcángel, carried out in the same architectural style as the palace.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The Palace and mainly the Hall of the Caryatids was used for the new year&#39;s scene in The Godfather Part II where Michael confronts Fredo about his betrayal.</p><br>
<p>Tipón, is a sprawling early 15th-century Inca ruin situated inside the Sacred Valley 3,400 meters above sea level. The complex covers 239 hectares and is located 22 kilometers southeast of Cusco near the town of Tipón. It consists of wide agricultural terraces irrigated by a network of water channels fed by a natural spring. Several surrounding ruins have been excavated, and many more are visible below the soil.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Tipón complex is located near Oropesa in the Community of Choquepeda, southeast of Cusco and along the Cusco-Puno road. It contains enclosures, terraces and an intact canal. The upper complex is crossed by the Inca Trail with an irrigation canal. It was put on the List of Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks.</p><br>
<p>The site was probably used as a laboratory of agricultural products because of the various micro-climates found within the complex. Tipon is considered one of the 16 most important archaeological tours for tourists who visit the area.</p><br>
<p>Besides being an archaeological complex, the site is home to one of the largest irrigation works in the terraces, with a great distribution of outdoor water channels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The true purpose of Tipón is not known. Even the original name of the Inca site is lost. The only possible written reference can be found in the Comentarios Reales de los Incas by Garcilaso de la Vega. According to de la Vega, after the Viracocha Inca usurped his father, he ordered a palace to be built for his father, Yawar Waqaq. The location of this palace is described as close to Cusco, built between the straits of Muyna and Quepicancha, near the river Tucay. As Tipón is located between two mountain streams, and above the Urubamba river, some archeologists believe de la Vega was talking about Tipón.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Opera House, also known as the St. James Opera House, is a historic theater building in St. James, Minnesota, United States, completed in 1892. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 for its local significance in the theme of entertainment/recreation. It was nominated for being the city&#39;s principal performance venue from 1892 to 1921, bringing fine performing arts like theater, music, and comedy to a modest agricultural center, as well hosting local events. Like many of the hundreds of opera houses built across the Midwestern United States from 1880 to 1910, the St. James opera house contains its auditorium on the upper floor, with retail space on the ground floor as a source of rental income.</p><br>
<p>Fullerton is an unincorporated community in Vernon Parish, Louisiana, United States. Fullerton was once an industrial community, having developed around a large lumber mill. In 1986, the community and mill were added to the NRHP as Fullerton Mill and Town because of their role in industry and in the development of housing for the mill workers.</p><br>
<h2>Conflict of name</h2><br>
<p>In addition to its current name, it was believed to have been known as "Russville" at a point. The official usage has been "Fullerton" since 1975, when the Board on Geographic Names ruled against the usage of "Russville." Although it is unclear the reasoning behind the attempted name change there is evidence that the name Russville was used on a map. The term "official" usage comes about because of the ruling but the mill and community known as "Fullerton" has been the common name since the beginning. The name "Russville" possibly came about because of an error.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The sawmill</h3><br>
<p>Fullerton mill was ahead of its time especially for a sawmill. Built entirely of steel, iron, and concrete with no combustible materials. On a 10-hour shift the mill produced 400,000 board feet. A 50,000 gallon water storage tank provided water for the mill with a 1000 gallon per minute fire pump. There were 25 planners and 12 dry-kilns capable of processing 400,000 board feet.</p><br>
<p>The loading dock was protected by a roof and was built so that thirty rail cars could be loaded at one time. A trolley system was in place so a loaded rail car could be transported to different location in the mill according to need.</p><br>
<h3>The community</h3><br>
<p>400 houses were built for white workers of from five to seven rooms that included running water to every house and a bathroom and toilet. There were 144 cottages for the "colored workers" and all the houses had electricity. The layout of the community was well planned with streets and avenues. There was a two story hospital, a 45 room two-story hotel, and a church that seated 1000. There was also a school, commissary, department store, drug store, meat market, cold storage room, barber shop, billiard hall, and post office.</p><br>
<h3>Turpentine mill</h3><br>
<p>There was a turpentine mill that was part of the Fullerton mill, but situated approximately two miles south, and a supporting community in between that included 129 cottages, a commissary, church, school (that provided an education to both communities), meat market, and a building that provided cold drinks and ice cream. There was also a train depot. This community was known as Rustville. The turpentine mill and community was named after Paul D. Rust, the secretary of Gulf Lumber Company, from Boston.</p><br>
<h2>End of an era</h2><br>
<p>The final log, that had been saved for twenty years for the occasion, was cut on Friday, May 6, 1927. The final whistle blew signaling the end of an era as well as the demise of a mighty sawmill and community.</p><br>
<h2>Notable person</h2><br>
<p>Mary Evelyn Parker, Louisiana state treasurer, was born in Fullerton.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Fullerton has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.</p><br>
<p>Methan Mani is a clock tower which stands next to the Padmanabha Swamy Temple, East Fort, Thiruvananthapuram in the south west Indian state of Kerala. It is a historic landmark and a tourist attraction.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The "Methan Mani" is located near the Padmanabha Swamy Temple in Thiruvananthapuram. To see it, one has to stand before the temple entrance and look in the opposite direction of the Padmatheertha pond. It is on the top of the Old Fort Palace.</p><br>
<p>The unique feature of the clock is the presence of a bearded man on top of the dial who opens his mouth corresponding to every hour and two rams hit his cheek and forcing him to close his mouth. This action is co-oridnated with the hourly chimes.</p><br>
<h2>History & Trivia</h2><br>
<p>It is said to have been installed in the 1840s during the reign of Maharaja Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma. The clock is constructed from Mahogany by an artisan called Kulathooran. Records show that two clockwork mechanisms were purchased by the then State of Travancore from Chennai. One was installed at Trivandrum, the other at Padmanabhapuram Palace, in Tamil Nadu.</p><br>
<p>There is also a history that the clock was installed to commemorate the successful repulsion of Invasion of Travancore by Tippu Sultan.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>The clock still works perfectly, and strikes each hour in a day. The clock now runs on software developed by the Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (CDIT). The Methan Mani remains a popular landmark in the city with the chimes audible around the locality.</p><br>
<p>The Commandant&#39;s Quarters at the Dearborn Arsenal is a United States military structure located at 21950 Michigan Avenue in Dearborn, Michigan. Built in the early 1830s, it is the oldest building in Dearborn still located on its original site. It is considered to be one of the seven most significant buildings in Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The building is part of the Dearborn Historical Museum, which also includes the 1831 Richard Gardner House and the McFadden-Ross House (originally the 1839 powder magazine).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 19th century, the Detroit Arsenal was located in the city of Detroit. The arsenals main purpose was to serve as a supply depot for the United States army; storing, maintaining, and repairing arms and ammunition. However, by the 1830s, the population of the city had grown such that there was fear of the stored explosives endangering the citys population. The US Congress authorized the construction of a new arsenal west of Detroit in the village of Dearbornville.</p><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>In July 1832, a site for the new Arsenal was selected located near the Rouge River on the strategically important "Chicago Road" (now Michigan Avenue) that linked Detroit to Chicago. Approximately 1,600 acre was set aside for a "military reservation." The construction of the brick arsenal lasted from 1833 to 1837. The first commandant of the arsenal, Colonel Joshua Howard, proposed naming the surrounding area after Major General Henry Dearborn, a New Hampshire physician and hero of the war of Independence.</p><br>
<p>The eleven buildings of the Arsenal were spaced around a walled square, 360 ft on a side; the ten-foot-high masonry wall was thirty inches thick and completely enclosed the square.</p><br>
<p>These eleven buildings were the following:</p><br>
<p>Armory, which was the largest of the buildings and used as both a storehouse and social center.</p><br>
<p>Sutler&#39;s Shop, where tobacco and personal articles were sold to the soldiers.</p><br>
<p>Guard House</p><br>
<p>Enlisted Men&#39;s Barracks</p><br>
<p>Surgeon&#39;s Quarters</p><br>
<p>Carpenter Shop, which around 1865 was converted into a chapel.</p><br>
<p>Smith&#39;s Shop</p><br>
<p>Saddler&#39;s Shop, where equipment for horses was made and repaired.</p><br>
<p>Gun Carriage Shed</p><br>
<p>Arsenal Office</p><br>
<p>Commandant&#39;s Quarters</p><br>
<p>The powder magazine was located outside the walled square, approximately 300 yards to the east.</p><br>
<h3>After 1877</h3><br>
<p>The arsenal was eventually judged to be no longer useful, and in 1877 the US government auctioned off the buildings. The only building remaining of the original eleven that is still in its original location and form is the commandant&#39;s quarters.</p><br>
<p>After 1877, the armory was adapted as a civic center named the "Liberty Hall," hosting events such as dancing, lodge meetings, and roller skating. In 1899, the armory was converted into a woolen mill; in 1910 the mill was destroyed in a fire. The bricks from the building were used to build new houses, some of which still stand in the area.</p><br>
<p>The guard house, enlisted mens barracks, and the surgeons quarters were used as residences. In 1893, all three were demolished to build a school. The sutlers shop was remodeled and used for, among other things, a doctors office. The carpenter shop and the smith&#39;s shop were combined into one two-story, three-unit building. The structure was used as a lumber mill and later by the Detroit-Dearborn Motor Car Company and by a paint shop.</p><br>
<p>The saddler&#39;s shop was used as a residence, and in the 1920s was converted into the Dearborn Town Hall. It was used for meetings until 1928. It was sold to S. S. Kresge and removed from the property. The structure was destroyed in 1946.</p><br>
<p>The gun carriage shed was converted into a two-story structure in 1906 for use by the Masonic Temple. It was later used by Pride Cleaners; it is currently home to a European Bakery. The arsenal office was used as a residence, and later as a commercial store. It was demolished in the early 20th century. The powder magazine was converted into a private residence in 1883 by Nathaniel Ross. The structure was donated to the city of Dearborn in 1950. Currently located at 915 Brady Street, it was renamed the McFadden-Ross House after it was donated to the City to be used as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The last remaining structure of the original eleven, the commandants quarters, served as a social and cultural center in Dearborn until 1875. The building was later used as a library, American Legion hall, a town hall, police station, school, and a newspaper office. In 1949, the commandants quarters were purchased by the Dearborn Historical Commission for use as a museum. The building was restored in 1959, and in 1970 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As of 2010 it houses the Dearborn Historical Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description of the Commandant's Quarters</h2><br>
<p>The Commandant&#39;s Quarters is a square, red-brick building on a brick foundation. The hipped roof is covered with slate, and has gabled dormers and a balustrade. A two-story verandah with square columns extends around the front and side of the building. The wrought iron railing near the front entrance is handmade.</p><br>
<p>Much of the interior of the Commandants Quarters has been restored to resemble the original makeup of the building. The wall and sliding doors between the Commandants office and dining room on the first floor has been replaced, and the second floor partitions, removed in the 1930s, have also been re-installed.</p><br>
<p>The Clover Hill Mill is a gristmill located in the USA city of Maryville, Tennessee. Out of the hundreds of early-20th century mills once scattered across the mountains of East Tennessee, the Clover Hill Mill is one of the few still in operation, and the last such full service mill in Blount County. The mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The community of Clover Hill was established in the 1820s along the headwaters of Baker Creek, and by 1849 a gristmill had been established around which the community developed. By the 1860s, Clover Hill had its own post office, school, church, distillery, and general store. The completion of a railroad line a few miles to the north in 1906, however, caused the community to shift to what is now called the Binfield community. The gristmill burned in 1921 and was replaced by the present mill that same year.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Clover Hill Mill is located at the intersection of Clover Hill Mill Road and Clover Hill Road, about halfway between the latter&#39;s junction with USA Route 411 to the south and Morganton Road to the north. The stream that once provided power to the mill is a headwater stream of Baker Creek, which empties into Tellico Lake near Greenback.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Early Blount County settler Abijah Conger arrived at what is now Clover Hill in 1823, and established a tavern and general store that catered to traffic travelling between Maryville and Morganton along the recently built Morganton Road. Conger also planted a large clover farm, and thus when he established a post office in his store, Conger chose the name "Clover Hill." In 1841, another settler named John S. Craig organized what would eventually become the Clover Hill Presbyterian Church. After the Civil War, a physician named Samuel Gault set up a practice at Clover Hill, and served as the community&#39;s post master.</p><br>
<p>A distiller and miller named David McKamey built the first Clover Hill Mill in 1849, which became a center of activity for the Clover Hill community. In 1887, two millers named "Martin" and "West" owned and operated the Clover Hill Mill. After the L&N Railroad completed a line running roughly parallel to Morganton Road a few miles to the north in 1906, a Clover Hill store owner named William Carpenter moved his store to where Clover Hill Road joins Morganton Road in hopes of establishing a railroad stop. Carpenter was appointed post master of the new community, which was named "Binfield," in 1907. In 1915, the Clover Hill post office was discontinued.</p><br>
<p>After the original Clover Hill Mill burned in 1921, the mills owner, Gilbert Blankenship, built the present mill on its site. Blankenship powered his new mill with electricity, and abandoned the classic overshot wheel and mill race design of its predecessor. Brothers Russell and Roy Perkins eventually purchased the mill, and in 1958 the mill was sold to Oscar Whitehead. Whiteheads sons, the mill&#39;s current owners, assumed operations of the mill from their father in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Clover Hill Mill is a -story structure with a metal, gable roof, weatherboard siding, and a concrete foundation. A porch with square columns spans the front of the building. One-story wings are attached to the east and west ends of the structure, which were traditionally used as office space and storage space. The interior of the building retains much of the original mill machinery.</p><br>
<p>The mills outbuildings include a frame storage shed, built around 1960, and four metal grain silos, all built between 1969 and 1975. Due to their age, none of these structures are considered "contributing" structures on the National Register listing. The concrete foundation of the original mills overshot wheel is located behind the present structure.</p><br>
<p>Church House is adjacent to St Werburgh&#39;s Church, in Bent Lane in the village of Warburton, Greater Manchester, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Church House was built as parish rooms and a caretaker&#39;s house in 1889. Hubbard states that it was built for Rowland Egerton-Warburton and that its design is attributed to the Chester architect John Douglas. However the authors of the Buildings of England series refer to the "Douglas motifs" and give a firm attribution to him. The citation in the National Heritage List for England states that the architect is Douglas. The building continues to function as parish rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is constructed in brown brick with sandstone dressings and has a red clay tile roof. It has two storeys and a T-shape plan; the wing facing the road constitutes the parish rooms and the wing at the rear forms the caretaker&#39;s house. A 20th-century lean-to structure has been added to the left of the front wing. This wing has four bays; the first bay (that on the left) protrudes forwards and is gabled. There is a three-light mullioned and transomed window in both storeys of the left wing, and in the lower storey of each of the other bays. Between the windows in the right bays are buttresses. Above and between the middle two bays is a dormer containing a three-light window. Across the front of the building between the storeys is a band of decorative lozenges in brick and painted plaster. The gable over the left bay also contains lozenge panels and its bargeboard is decorated with carving. On the gable and on the dormer there are finials.</p><br>
<p>113 and 117 Foregate Street consist of a pair of shops on the north side of Foregate Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. Each of the buildings is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. The buildings flank a passage leading to the block of flats numbered 115 and known as Parker&#39;s Buildings; this is also a Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>113 Foregate Street</h2><br>
<p>This was a pre-existing building remodelled in 1890–91 by the local architect John Douglas. The work was done for the 1st Duke of Westminster. The building is constructed in red Ruabon brick with sandstone dressings, and has a red clay tile roof. It has three storeys. In the ground floor of the front facing the street is a modern shop front. In each storey are three sash windows, surrounded by ornate stone cases. At the top of the front facing the street is a shaped gable containing blue brick diapering and with stone coping, volutes and five finials. Towards the right corner is a wrought iron sign bracket dated 1890. The side facing the passage leading to Parker&#39;s Buildings is built on a high sandstone plinth. It includes a chimney with a shaped stack and a number of stone-dressed windows. To the rear of the building is a two-storey wing.</p><br>
<h2>117 Foregate Street</h2><br>
<p>This is a new building of 1889–90 designed by Douglas & Fordham for the 1st Duke of Westminster. In 1990 it was converted and attached to new offices. Like number 113, it is constructed in red Ruabon brick with sandstone dressings, it has a red tile roof, and is in three storeys. The ground floor was refaced in 1990. In the first floor of the front facing the street is a three-light mullioned and transomed casement window, with a single-light transomed window on each side. In the top storey is a three-light casement window. Below this window, and to each side, is blue brick diapering. Between the storeys, and over the top window, are stone bands. The gable is broadly similar to that of number 113, being shaped with stone coping and finials. The side facing the passage to Parker&#39;s Buildings contains quoins, windows, two projecting shaped gables and two chimneys with spiral brick flues. At the rear is another gable and a chimney.</p><br>
<p>Swetman House, also known as Swetmann House and Gerhard "Stucco" Johnson House, is a historic residence at 325 5th Avenue in Seward, Alaska. The house was constructed in 1916 and was originally located adjacent to Seward&#39;s Mount Marathon. In 1920 or 1921, the original owner, Gerhard "Stucco" Johnson, sold the house to pharmacist Elwyn Swetman on condition that Swetman move the property to his own lot. The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 17, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Gerhard Johnson, was an artist, craftsman, and housebuilder in Seward. His heavy use of stucco earned him the nickname "Stucco Johnson". He was involved in the founding of two of Alaska&#39;s earliest prominent banks, the National Bank of Alaska and the First National Bank of Anchorage. He came to Seward in the early-20th century from New York City, where he was an established businessman. Many of his design jobs in Seward and Anchorage featured his trademark use of stucco to cover wood siding. In 1916 he constructed his own house north of the town on a dairy farm.</p><br>
<p>In 1920 Johnson sold the house to town pharmacist Elwyn Swetman, and the house was moved to Swetman&#39;s property. Elwyn Swetman died in 1951. Following the death of his wife Viola in 1976, the property was passed by will to the Seward Public Library. In 1979 the Library sold the house to a private party.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The dimensions of the house measure 17.5 ft by 25 ft. In its current location, Swetman House sits on a full concrete basement, a sign of affluency in the time and place because of its cost. It has two floors, plus an attic and has been called the "architectural gem of Seward".</p><br>
<p>142 Foregate Street is a building on the south side of Foregate Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1884 for Chester City Council as a police station for the Cheshire County Constabulary, and was designed by the local architect John Douglas. It was used as the police headquarters until 1967 when a new building for the purpose was constructed on a different site. In the early 2000s it was being used as an occupational health unit for Cheshire County Council.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is constructed in red Ruabon brick with stone bands and terracotta and stone dressings, and a grey slate roof. It has three storeys plus an attic. On the ground floor two steps lead to an arched doorway. To the left of this are three arched sash windows and to the right is a casement window. The middle and top storeys contain six two-light mullioned and transomed windows in pairs. The gable is stepped and contains a row of six windows, over which are two more windows. Between these is the date 1884 in brick moulding. In the apex of the gable is the cartouche of the police force.</p><br>
<p>The Graphic Arts Building is a historic commercial building on the edge of downtown Dayton, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1920s, it long housed the publishing house of a Protestant denomination, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Christian Publishing Association</h2><br>
<p>The Ohio Christian Book Association, established in 1843, was a publishing house associated with the denomination that later became known as the Christian Connexion, which in turn is one of the ancestors of the current United Church of Christ. A part of the Restoration Movement, the Connexion sponsored the publishing of the Herald of Gospel Liberty, which has been claimed as the worlds oldest religious newspaper. Beginning in 1868, this periodical was published by the Connexions publishing house, which by this time operated under the later name of "Christian Publishing Association". In the same year, the association bought a building in downtown Dayton, but ultimately found it unsatisfactory, and after more than ten years of operation from rented quarters, the association purchased another piece of land for $28,000. Construction began soon after the real estate was sold, and by the time that it was completed in June 1905, more than $100,000 had been spent on the building and its equipment. Twenty years later, the association arranged for the construction of the present property on Ludlow Street, which they only occupied for eleven years before moving in 1936.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Designed by the Dayton architectural firm of Schenck & Williams, The extensive use of concrete was the result of structural demands: it was used in order to support the weight of the company&#39;s printing machinery and materials storage, as well as to render the five-story building fireproof. Although the sides are largely windowless, the front features five large multi-pane windows on each floor above ground level; they were placed in order to permit the entrance of substantial quantities of sunlight.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In August 2009, the Ohio State Historic Preservation Office nominated the Graphic Arts Building for addition to the National Register of Historic Places. At the time, the owner had announced his opposition to having the building named a historic site, but his objection was dropped within months, as the building was added to the Register in November 2009. It qualified for inclusion both because of its historically significant architecture and because of the place it had played in local history. A related distinction is shared by the Christian Publishing Association&#39;s previous building at Fifth and Ludlow; since renamed the Hamiel Building, it is an integral part of the Dayton Terra-Cotta Historic District, a historic district with National Register designation.</p><br>
<p>Herkimer County Historical Society is located in the 1884 Suiter Building, a historic home in Herkimer, Herkimer County, New York. It is a -story, wood frame structure with red pressed brick walls laid in black mortar built in 1884. It features a complex pitched roof of slate with a brick corbelled cornice and terra cotta ornament along the roof edge. There is also an octagonal peaked roof above the corner tower. Built originally as a private home, it was unfinished at the time of its builders death in 1925 and given to the Herkimer County Historical Society who occupied it in 1935.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The 1884 Herkimer County Historical Society Suiter Building Museum features exhibits about the county&#39;s early settlers and transportation, agriculture, industry and domestic life, and displays about the former Fairfield Academy.</p><br>
<p>The Historical Society also operates tours of the nearby 1834 Herkimer County Jail, 1873 Herkimer County Courthouse, and the 1834 Herkimer Reformed Church.</p><br>
<p>Emmanuel Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church complex located at Little Falls in Herkimer County, New York. The complex consists of the original 1835 church building, an 1853 Italianate style parsonage, and a parish hall built about 1937. The church is a simple rectangular building in the meetinghouse style with a bell tower. It is two stories and built of limestone.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. It was built in a period of growth of the Episcopal Church in upstate New York, where the population had expanded rapidly after the American Revolutionary War, attracting many migrants from New England. The Episcopal Church of the United States of America became independent of the Anglican Church after the war.</p><br>
<p>European-American Little Falls was originally settled by German Palatine immigrants and their descendants. Later settlers also were of Dutch, English, and Scots-Irish descent, and often belonged to Protestant reform and Congregational traditions. The oldest families from the colonial era often also had Mohawk people ancestry, as this people historically occupied much of the Mohawk Valley and traded with new immigrants. A quarter century after the war, the American Episcopal church had attracted more members, and its congregations built numerous churches in upstate towns.</p><br>
<p>The Little Outfit Schoolhouse is a ranch school that was built in 1940 in southeastern Arizona. It is located on the Little Outfit Ranch in San Rafael Valley, about ten miles east-southeast of Patagonia, in Santa Cruz County, which borders Mexico on the south and is about 80 miles from Arizona&#39;s eastern border with New Mexico.</p><br>
<p>In the early and mid-twentieth century ranch schools became an important part of the educational system in many western states and Arizona led the nation in total number. The concept set high academic standards but also put strong emphasis on the ideals of the American Old West, rugged outdoor activities, and independence of spirit. The Little Outfit Ranch School provides an excellent example this approach to education and in 2009 the schoolhouse itself was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. The schoolhouse is managed by the Little Outfit Preservation Group, Inc.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land the schoolhouse is on was homesteaded by Harry Fryer in 1917 and in 1940 it was bought by Buel and Katharine Hutchinson who named it The Little Outfit Ranch. They built a one-room schoolhouse and later that same year opened The Little Outfit Ranch School. The school was coed the first two years but later was all boys, usually had 20 to 25 students and covered grades 3 to 8. Academics were strong but there was a great emphasis on the ways of the West and every student was assigned a horse.</p><br>
<h2>The Surrounding Territory</h2><br>
<p>The San Rafael Valley is still very sparsely populated, the rich grasslands being used primarily as range for cattle. The nearest house even now seventy years later is still over a mile away, and in the 1940s the nearest telephone was a ten miles ride. The elevation is 5,100 feet with the mountain called Old Hutch, on the north side of the ranch, rising to nearly 6,000 feet. The entrance road to the ranch is off FR 799, Canelo Pass Road—a long, dusty, red dirt road that leads to the small town of Patagonia.</p><br>
<h2>The Founders</h2><br>
<p>The people who founded the Little Outfit Ranch School, Katharine ("Kit") and Buel Hutchinson, moved from Chicago with their three children; Ann, Mary and Ned in 1940. Adventure was surely part of their motive for moving to such a remote area, but the move would also solve a health problem Ned had – a persistent cough that had only disappeared when he stayed several weeks on the 76 Ranch near Willcox, Arizona.</p><br>
<p>Kit Hutchinson was the boss of the ranch, the school&#39;s head mistress, and a surrogate mother to the boys. She could ride with the best of them and often organized cross country treasure hunts on horseback. She taught English to the older boys and she was quick to seize opportunities for exciting learning like Tucson rodeos, Christmastime trips deep into Mexico, and witnessing the mustering out of the last of the Army’s Indian Scouts at Fort Huachuca. She was amazingly clever at writing plays for the boys to perform on the stage behind the schoolhouse, much to the delight of the neighboring ranchers. She was also quick in making up songs about life at the Little Outfit, wonderful at organizing elaborate graduation ceremonies, and all the while keeping parents well informed on how their boys were doing.</p><br>
<p>Buel Hutchinson moved permanently to the ranch in 1942. He had been the sales manager for the Warfield Spice Company that Kit’s father owned. On the ranch he maintained the various appliances and machines, the electric generation plant, the milk house supplies and so on. He was a natural with the boys and an excellent teacher – both academically and athletically (Buel held the record for the longest touchdown run in football for the University of Chicago).</p><br>
<h2>How Students Were Recruited</h2><br>
<p>Publicity that would attract students depended mostly on word of mouth but brochures promoting the school were also used. An article in Arizona Highways described a number of ranch schools in operation by 1940, their appeal, and their significant benefit to Arizona. The Tucson Chamber of Commerce put out a brochure touting the thirteen ranch schools surrounding Tucson including the Little Outfit School. The Chicago area produced many students thanks to the Hutchinson’s having lived there before purchasing the Little Outfit Ranch. The Chicago Tribune published a full-page article on the “Schoolboy Cowboys” with many pictures featuring the local Chicago boys attending the Little Outfit School.</p><br>
<h2>The Ranch School Concept</h2><br>
<p>The concept of ranch schooling had an especially high appeal for the parents of students suffering from various health conditions, primarily asthma. A better climate, many believed, might assist in the recuperation of sickly youths. The parents hoped that the clean, warm air combined with the physical activities that the ranch school offered in addition to the academic work, would aid their children’s physical rejuvenation. Instructions in the ideals of the cowboys – independence, honesty, and a willingness to work hard added to the ranch school’s allure. Arizona soon led the nation in the number of ranch schools.</p><br>
<h2>School Closure</h2><br>
<p>The closure of the Little Outfit School – As a small, private institution, the Little Outfit School was completely dependent on a high level of effort by its owners, the Hutchinson’s. Doubtless an important consideration in their continuing was the completion of their own children’s education which was accomplished in the late 1940s. The resignation of Slim Mayo – the school’s wrangler—in 1947 left the school without one of its most important teachers. While formal grade school education stopped in 1950, the schoolhouse continued as an educational institution for many years thereafter, functioning as the center of an active summer camp.</p><br>
<p>Because it is a fine example of the ranch school education which was so important in Arizona in the early years of the twentieth century, The Little Outfit Schoolhouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 8, 2009. The schoolhouse is managed by the Little Outfit Preservation Group, Inc.</p><br>
<p>Ardoileán or Ard Oileán, known in English as High Island , is a small island off the northwest coast of Connemara in County Galway, Ireland. It was once the site of an early Irish monastic community.</p><br>
<h2>Hermitage</h2><br>
<p>It is one of thirty-odd islands off the west coast of Ireland, between Inishtrahull and Clear Island, which were settled by hermits and monastic communities in the early Christian period. Other such islands in the direct vicinity of Ardoiléan include Clare Island, Chapel Island, Caher Island, Inishturk, Inishbofin and Inishark. Since (at least) the seventh century, Ardoiléan had been the site of an early monastery or hermitage, reputedly founded by St Féchín of Fore (d. 665).</p><br>
<p>Above the south landing-place, near the remains of the monastery, there is a Christian cross-slab dating perhaps to the seventh century.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>Between 1969 and 1998, the island was in the possession of Irish poet Richard Murphy, then a resident of Inishbofin. In personal memoirs published by Granta in The Kick (2002), Murphy remembers the opportunity when the previous owner considered selling the island: "I got excited at the thought of buying this inaccessible holy island, restoring the beehive cells and oratory of its derelict hermitage and preserving the place from destruction either by tourists or by sheep."</p><br>
<p>Over Langford Manor, also known as The Old Courthouse  is a Grade II listed building, in Upper Langford, North Somerset, England.</p><br>
<p>The original east-west mediaeval farmhouse (late 15th century), now mostly demolished, was the earliest part of the Manor. A north-south wing dating back to both the 16th and 17th centuries abuts the original house. The wall of the sole remaining part of the original mediaeval building is 33 inches thick. As the subsequent additions were built, they were of decreasing wall thickness as befitted the times. Accordingly, the central section of the house is 16th century and the most northerly Hall is 17th century. One of the very old internal ceiling beams shows a bevelled surface along one side and a flat surface on the other. The flat surface (to the north) was where an internal wall was once, and this equates to the position of the outside quoins. This represents where the building stopped for a hundred years or so, before being extended northwards towards the road.</p><br>
<p>The Manor has had its fair share of famous inhabitants including Sir John Latch who, in 1627, was the High Sheriff of Somerset. In 1642, Sir John, a staunch Republican, leased Over Langford Manor and raised soldiers for Cromwells New Model Army. Two years later, after returning from the Second Battle of Newbury, he died of shock upon discovering his wife and twelfth child had died in childbirth. The couples poignant memorial is in Church of St John the Baptist, Churchill in Churchill, Somerset. Sir Lintorn Simmons, the Governor of Malta, bought the manor in December 1873. His daughter Blanch Lintorn Orman went on to help found the Girl Guides movement in 1910. Sir John&#39;s granddaughter, Rotha Beryl Lintorn Orman, founded the British Fascists in 1923. She lived there until she died in Las Palmas in the Canary Islands from tuberculosis in 1935.</p><br>
<p>In 1904 Lt Cdr Charles Evans bought the Manor including the Latch porch After demolishing the west wing he transferred some salvaged fireplaces and panelling to adorn the new wing he was building at Nailsea Court. The panelling was installed in his new withdrawing room. Consequently this room was called the Langford Parlour but is now known as the Langford Room. The Latch porch was at Nailsea Court for nearly twenty years, before being returned by Charles Evans to Upper Langford in 1923. The 1911 inscription that he added commemorates the date it was rebuilt at Nailsea Court. Therefore, although it was in Charles Evans&#39; possession for all that time, it only stood as we see it in the 21 December edition of Country Life in 1912, for twelve years.</p><br>
<p>The Latch porch is arguably the Manors most famous claim to fame, even having picture postcards made of it in the reign of Edward VII. The porch itself is described by Williams as "having decoration and style so exuberant that one is tempted to suspect that some antiquarian&#39; embellishment has been introduced; this especially at the sides which have shouldered arched openings ovolo moulded. Unlike most 17th century porches, it is of squat single storey and has a restored pediment gable to the front where the four-centred arch is ovolo moulded with egg and dart decoration on the arch. It is flanked by Corinthian columns on pedestals supporting a frieze and dentilled course. In the gable is a strapwork motif"</p><br>
<p>In 2003 an application to extend one of the agricultural outbuildings and use it as a farm shop was rejected by North Somerset Council.</p><br>
<p>Voe of Cullingsburgh is a large sea loch off the Shetland island of Bressay, voe meaning "sea inlet" in Shetlandic. The local spelling of the name is "Voe of Cullingsbrough" .</p><br>
<p>The voe is separated from Aith Voe to the west by Score Head at the northwestern extremity and the peninsula of Aith Ness, and from Noss Sound to the east by the heights of Ander Hill and the point of Loder Head. Within the voe there are various smaller embayments, such as Score Minni, Blue Geo, Minni of Aith and Bay of Cuppa. Inner Score and Outer Score are tidal islets separated from one another by the narrow Gloup of the Scores.</p><br>
<p>There are small settlements at Setter, Bruntland and Aith on the western side of the voe and the uninhabited Garth and Cullingsburgh to the east along with the remains of both a broch and the 12th-century St. Mary&#39;s Church.</p><br>
